Author name: Andries Van Niekerk

Christology

Does 1 Cor 8:6 include Jesus in the divine identity?

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1 Corinthians 8:6 shows that God is the Father alone. Trinitarians counter by saying that, in this verse, Jesus is God because (1) He co-created with God, (2) “God” and “Lord” are synonyms, and (3) this verse divides the words of the Shema between the Father and the Son. This article challenges the Trinitarian proposal.

Book of Daniel

Daniel 11: Why the Antichrist Is Not Antiochus IV

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This article refutes the liberal “Maccabean thesis,” which asserts that the Book of Daniel was written after the fact in the 2nd century B.C. and that its predictions center on Antiochus IV Epiphanes. By examining textual and thematic links—particularly between Daniel 9 and Daniel 11—the author demonstrates that the “Prince of the Covenant” broken by the “vile person” (Dan 11:22) refers to Jesus Christ. Consequently, the “vile person” represents the Roman Empire and its ultimate Antichrist continuation rather than Antiochus IV, who died two centuries prior to Christ. While Antiochus IV served as a historical type or partial fulfillment, the full scope of Daniel 11 describes events culminating in the end-time Antichrist.

The Four Winds of Heaven
Book of Daniel

In Daniel 8, Is the Little Horn Greek or Roman in Origin?

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This article examines the origin of the “Little Horn” described in Daniel 8:8–9 to determine whether it represents a Greek power (such as Antiochus IV) or a Roman continuous historical power. By analyzing the original Hebrew text, the author highlights a grammatical gender distinction: in verse 8, “horns” (qarnot) and “winds” (ruchot) are feminine, while “heavens” (shamayim) is masculine. In verse 9, the masculine pronoun “them” refers back to “heavens,” while the feminine “one” refers to “winds.” Consequently, the phrase “out of one of them” means the horn emerges from one of the four cardinal compass directions (winds of heaven) rather than from one of the four Greek horns. Synthesizing this grammatical evidence with the vision of Daniel 7, the article concludes that the Little Horn is Roman in origin, representing a long-term religious-political system rather than a short-lived ancient Greek ruler.

Daniel 8 Ram and Goat
Book of Daniel

Three Interpretations of Daniel 8’s Little Horn

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This article examines the primary interpretations of the “Little Horn” in Daniel 8, an apocalyptic symbol representing the Antichrist. Building on prior studies connecting Daniel’s visions of world empires—Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome—the author explores three main theological frameworks regarding the horn’s identity: the Preterist view (identifying the horn as the 2nd-century BC Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes), the Futurist view (seeing it as an end-time persecutor before Christ’s return), and the Historicist view (identifying it with the Roman State Church that evolved after the fall of Rome). The article dives deeply into the Historicist perspective, detailing the historical shift from early subordinationist Christology to post-Nicene Orthodoxy, the political influence of emperors like Constantine and Theodosius I, and how legislative actions like the Edict of Thessalonica established state-sponsored religious authority.

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